Panic Disorder
by James Cowart, Ph.D.
The symptoms of a panic attack are probably the most intense and frightening of all the various types of anxiety. Symptoms may include: heart pounding, sweating, shaking, tightness in chest; feeling short of breath, dizzy or lightheaded; numbness or tingling; chills or hot flashes; and a fear of losing control, dying or “going crazy”. Frequently, the individual who first experiences these symptoms will go to the nearest emergency room afraid that he or she may be having a heart attack or stroke. Typically, the attack has a sudden onset and builds to a peak within a few minutes. Only after medical problems are ruled out is it safe to conclude that the condition is actually a panic attack.
Panic attacks that sometimes occur “out of the blue” and that continue to occur after the initial attack are likely a part of a Panic Disorder. Very often, this problem is accompanied by Agoraphobia, which is the avoidance of places, situations, or travel because of fear that a panic attack will occur. Frequently, these individuals will want to have a “safe person” accompany them when they leave home. Panic Disorder usually begins in early adulthood. Almost 2% of the adult population suffers from Panic Disorder each year. Several million adults in the U.S. are afflicted in any one year. Panic attacks can also occur in a variety of other conditions, such as Social Phobia, Specific Phobia, Acute Stress Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. An accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential.
It is important to remember that Panic Disorder is not a sign of a “weak character” or a “weak mind”. Even those who are generally thought of as being brave may get Panic Disorder, just as anyone may experience other medical problems. Although the condition is very frightening, it is quite treatable. Appropriate treatment for Panic Disorder usually includes cognitive-behavioral therapy and often medication.